Impact of natural gas pricing policy for energy security and macroeconomic resilience: A literature review from global perspective

Abstract Indonesia’s government has targeted 24% of natural gas in the national energy mix by 2050. However, one main problems development is price mechanism. Unlike many countries, market, including its pricing, still heavily regulated and subsidized government. The low damaged investment climate slowed country. An overview global market evolution, as well a comprehensive analysis transformation from China Malaysia, were presented this paper. wider gap between supply demand increase LNG Asia have pushed Malaysia to reform their into liberalized system. This provides an insight examine pricing policies. highly often fails provide actual cost supply, leads underinvestment, causes shortage Natural policy mandatory ensure stability keep up with dynamic. should be implemented gradually give producers end-users enough time adjust regulations. In end, gas-to-gas competition set long-term goal allow retail market.